Provide two examples of non-communicable diseases and their primary risk factors.

Provide two examples of non-communicable diseases and their primary risk factors.

• A. Cardiovascular disease — risk: lactose intolerance; Diabetes mellitus type 1 — risk: high protein diet.
• B. Cardiovascular disease — risk: smoking and hypertension; Diabetes mellitus type 2 — risk: obesity and sedentary lifestyle
• C. Communicable disease — risk: vaccination status; Hypertension — risk: dehydration
• D. Respiratory disease — risk: excessive exercise; Cancer — risk: adequate sleep

Answer: (B)

Non-communicable diseases are health conditions that aren’t spread person to person and are strongly shaped by long-term lifestyle and metabolic factors. Two clear examples are cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. For cardiovascular disease, smoking and high blood pressure are key, modifiable risks because each promotes damage to blood vessels and heart workload, increasing the chance of heart attack or stroke. For type 2 diabetes, obesity and a sedentary lifestyle drive insulin resistance and impaired glucose regulation, which are central to its development. This pairing reflects well-established, modifiable risk factors that link lifestyle to these diseases. The other options mix factors that aren’t the main drivers of those diseases (for instance, a condition like lactose intolerance isn’t a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and dehydration isn’t a primary driver of hypertension), so they don’t fit as clean examples of non-communicable diseases with their main risk factors.

Non-communicable diseases are health conditions that aren’t spread person to person and are strongly shaped by long-term lifestyle and metabolic factors. Two clear examples are cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. For cardiovascular disease, smoking and high blood pressure are key, modifiable risks because each promotes damage to blood vessels and heart workload, increasing the chance of heart attack or stroke. For type 2 diabetes, obesity and a sedentary lifestyle drive insulin resistance and impaired glucose regulation, which are central to its development. This pairing reflects well-established, modifiable risk factors that link lifestyle to these diseases. The other options mix factors that aren’t the main drivers of those diseases (for instance, a condition like lactose intolerance isn’t a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and dehydration isn’t a primary driver of hypertension), so they don’t fit as clean examples of non-communicable diseases with their main risk factors.